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Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars
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| A catalogue of eclipsing variables
A new catalogue of 6330 eclipsing variable stars is presented. Thecatalogue was developed from the General Catalogue of Variable Stars(GCVS) and its textual remarks by including recently publishedinformation about classification of 843 systems and making correspondingcorrections of GCVS data. The catalogue1 represents thelargest list of eclipsing binaries classified from observations.
| The T Tauri Star Population of the Young Cluster NGC 2264
An Hα emission survey of the young cluster NGC 2264 in the Mon OB1association resulted in the detection of 490 Hα emission stars ina 25'×40' field approximately centeredbetween the O7 V multiple star S Mon and the Cone Nebula. The survey wascarried out with the wide-field grism spectrograph (WFGS) on theUniversity of Hawaii 2.2 m telescope on Mauna Kea. X-ray observationsmade with the European Photon Imaging Camera on board the European SpaceAgency's XMM-Newton satellite observatory will be discussed in asubsequent paper. Optical (BVRCIC) photometry wasobtained for selected fields to supplement similar data from theliterature. Spectra covering the 6000-8000 Å region at aresolution of R~3000 (adequate for the determination of Li Iλ6708 line strengths) were obtained for 150 Hα and X-rayemission sources with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph.Near-infrared spectra (1-2.5 μm) of a number of T Tauri stars (TTSs),X-ray sources, and LHα25 (W90) were also obtained using SpeX onthe Infrared Telescope Facility. Ages and masses for the Hαemitters were inferred from the isochrones and evolutionary tracks ofD'Antona & Mazzitelli. The median age for the TTS population isabout 1.1 Myr, but a considerable dispersion, from 0.1 to 5 Myr, existsfor individual objects. Several fields in the cluster were observed withthe WFGS on more than one occasion, permitting an examination ofHα variability over long baselines in time. About 90% of theclassical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) showed changes in W(Hα) of atleast 10%, while 57% varied at levels of 50% or more. No evidence wasfound for a significant pool of dormant Hα emitters. Summing themasses of the TTSs and the OB stellar population of NGC 2264, a lowerlimit for the total stellar mass content of the cluster is about 430Msolar. This is less than 1% of the total mass of the atomicand molecular gas believed to be associated with NGC 2264. Evidence forhierarchical structure within the cluster is suggested by the spatialdistribution of TTSs. Four concentrations of Hα emitters areevident: two near S Mon and two near the Cone Nebula. The median age ofthe TTSs in the immediate vicinity of S Mon was found to be greater thanthat of the TTSs near Allen's infrared source (IRS-1), but a significantdispersion is present. From the rotational data of Lamm et al. andMakidon et al., 241 of the TTSs are periodic variables, 150 weak-line TTauri stars (WTTSs) and 91 CTTSs, while 123 stars are irregularvariables (30 WTTSs and 93 CTTSs). A weak-to-moderate positivecorrelation is found between H-K color and Prot for theCTTSs, in the sense that stars having longer periods tend to have largerH-K colors. A similar positive correlation is found betweenLHα and Prot among the CTTSs. Nostatistically significant correlation is found between Protand theoretical age or between Prot and LX. Othertopics discussed include the fraction of Hα emitters that areWTTSs, f(WTTS)=N(WTTS)/N(TTS), for clusters of different ages; therelative detectability of Hα emission using WFGS and narrowbandfilter imaging techniques; and the correlation of W(Li I) withTe, age, H-K color, and W(Hα).
| Analysis of photoelectric light curves of V448 CYG taking the Roche geometry into account
Three-color photoelectric UBV light curves of the close binary systemV448 Cyg obtained at the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory areanalyzed using a new code by Djurasevi. A new value for the ratio of themasses of the components, which is the fundamental parameter fordetermining the absolute elements of the system, has recently beenpublished. The parameters obtained in our analysis differ substantiallyfrom those published previously because the new mass ratio has beenemployed. The location of the components of V448 Cyg on a mass-logg plotshows that this system, similarly to XZ Cep and V382 Cyg, is in a phasesubsequent to a rapid transfer of mass.
| On the properties of contact binary stars
We have compiled a catalogue of light curve solutions of contact binarystars. It contains the results of 159 light curve solutions. Theproperties of contact binary stars were studied using the cataloguedata. As is well known since Lucy's (\cite{Lucy68a},b) and Mochnacki's(\cite{Mochnacki81}) studies, primary components transfer their ownenergy to the secondary star via the common envelope around the twostars. This transfer was parameterized by a transfer parameter (ratio ofthe observed and intrinsic luminosities of the primary star). We provethat this transfer parameter is a simple function of the mass andluminosity ratios. We introduced a new type of contact binary stars: Hsubtype systems which have a large mass ratio (q>0.72). These systemsshow behaviour in the luminosity ratio- transfer parameter diagram thatis very different from that of other systems and according to ourresults the energy transfer rate is less efficient in them than in othertypes of contact binary stars. We also show that different types ofcontact binaries have well defined locations on the mass ratio -luminosity ratio diagram. Several contact binary systems do not followLucy's relation (L2/L1 =(M2/M1)0.92). No strict mass ratio -luminosity ratio relation of contact binary stars exists.Tables 2 and 3 are available in electronic form athttp://www.edpsciences.org
| Close binary stars in ob-association regions i. preliminary investigation
We performed a sample of O- and B-eclipsing binary stars inOB-association regions and obtained the preliminary list of 147 binariesin 45 OB-association regions. We tried to elucidate the question whether(or not) the close binaries belong to corresponding OB-associations,from the commonness of their proper motions, radial velocities anddistances. Based on the completeness of the data,the binaries aredevided into three groups and the scheme for calculation of degree ofbelonging of stars to OB-associations is developed. Necessary data arenot available for nine systems and they are given in a specific table.For 12 cases, the binaries project onto the regions of two associations.We show that 33 (22.3%) close binary stars are members, 65 (43.9%) areprobable members and 39 (26.4%) are less probable members of theOB-associations. We find that 11 binaries belong to the Galaxybackground. The comparison of the distributions of orbital periods forthe binaries in OB-associations and for O-, B-binaries of the Galaxybackground shows their considerable differences in the vicinity of thetwo-day period.
| The Database ASAS and the Periods of Several Early-Type Binaries
Using the database ASAS, new times of minima are calculated foreclipsing binaries EM Car, SV Cen, AQ Cir, TU Mus, V431 Pup and V701Sco. Periods of these stars are discussed.
| A study of RV in Galactic O stars from the 2MASS catalogue
We present new measurements of the interstellar reddening parameterRV=AV/E(B-V) towards 185 O stars, using J, H,Ks photometry from the 2MASS project. The results arecombined with data from the literature of 95 stars where RVhas been derived with the same technique, 22 of which in common with ourpresent sample from the 2MASS project catalogue. The averageRV from these 258 O stars is of 3.19 +/- 0.50. All objectswhose RV departs from this value by more than 2 sigma havebeen recognized. Ten objects have RV higher than this valueand two lower. It is found that anomalous RV can scarcely beassociated with anomalies in the general interstellar medium, e.g. withdifferent behaviour in different spiral arms. They are clearly linked tolocal cloud effect. In the Cygnus region RV values follow thebehaviour of the general interstellar medium, while in the Carina arm,in spite of the relatively larger distance, local cloud effects prevail.An explanation for this is suggested. The relatively few stars of oursample whose Hipparcos parallaxes are reliable, are found to havedistances systematically smaller than the distances derived by thespectroscopic parallaxes. We argue that this effect is consistent withthe recently claimed discovery of grey extinction towards OB stars.This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All SkySurvey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University ofMassachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/CaliforniaInstitute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration and the National Science Foundation.Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/410/905
| Catalogue of the field contact binary stars
A catalogue of 361 galactic contact binaries is presented. Listedcontact binaries are divided into five groups according to the type andquality of the available observations and parameters. For all systemsthe ephemeris for the primary minimum, minimum and maximum visualbrightness and equatorial coordinates are given. If available,photometric elements, (m1+m2)sin3i,spectral type, parallax and magnitude of the O'Connell effect are alsogiven. Photometric data for several systems are augmented by newobservations. The quality of the available data is assessed and systemsrequiring modern light-curve solutions are selected. Selectedstatistical properties of the collected data are discussed.
| Evolution of Wolf-Rayet Stars in Binary Systems: An Analysis of the Mass and Orbital-Eccentricity Distributions
We have undertaken a statistical study of the component mass ratios andthe orbital eccentricities of WR + O close binary, detachedmain-sequence (DMS), contact early-type (CE), and semidetached (SD)systems. A comparison of the characteristics of WR + O systems and ofDMS, CE, and SD systems has enabled us to draw certain conclusions aboutthe evolutionary paths of WR + O binaries and to demonstrate that up to90% of all known WR + O binaries formed as a result of mass transfer inmassive close O + O binary systems. Since there is a clear correlationbetween the component masses in SD systems with subgiants, the absenceof an anticorrelation between the masses of the WR stars and O stars inWR + O binaries cannot be considered evidence against the formation ofWR + O binaries via mass transfer. The spectroscopic transitionalorbital period P tr sp corresponding to the transition from nearlycircular orbits (e sp<0.1) to elliptical orbits (e sp≥0.1) is14d for WR + O systems and 2d 3d for OB + OB systems. Theperiod range in which all WR + O orbits are circular &$(1mathop dlimits_. 6 ≤slant P ≤slant 14(d) ); is close to the range for SD systems with subgiants, &0mathop dlimits_. 7 ≤slant P ≤slant 15(d); . The large difference between the P tr sp values for WR + O and OB +OB systems suggests that a mechanism of orbit circularization additionalto that for OB + OB systems at the DMS stage (tidal dissipation of theorbital energy due to radiative damping of the dynamical tides) acts inWR + O binaries. It is natural to suggest mass transfer in the parent O+ O binaries as this supplementary orbit-circularization mechanism.Since the transitional period between circular and elliptical orbits forclose binaries with convective envelopes and ages of 5×109 yearsis &P_{tr} = 12mathop dlimits_. 4$; , the orbits of most known SD systems with subgiants had enough timeto circularize during the DMS stage, prior to the mass transfer. Thus,for most SD systems, mass transfer plays a secondary role incircularization of their orbits. In many cases, the initial orbitaleccentricities of the O + O binary progenitors of WR + O systems arepreserved, due to the low viscosity of the O-star envelopes and theshort timescale for their nuclear evolution until the primary O starfills its Roche lobe and the mass transfer begins. The mass transfer inthe parent O + O systems is short-lived, and the number of orbitalcycles during the early mass-transfer stage is relatively low (lowerthan for the progenitors of SD systems by three or four orders ofmagnitude). The continued transfer of mass from the less massive to themore massive star after the component masses have become equal leads tothe formation of a WR + O system, and the orbit's residual eccentricityincreases to the observed value. The increase of the orbitaleccentricity is also facilitated by variable radial mass loss via thewind from the WR star in the WR + O system during its motion in theelliptical orbit. The result is that WR + O binaries can haveconsiderable orbital eccentricities, despite their intense masstransfer. For this reason, the presence of appreciable eccentricitiesamong WR + O binaries with large orbital periods cannot be consideredfirm evidence against mass transfer in the parent O + O binary systems.Only for the WR + O binaries with the longest orbital periods (4 of 35known systems, or 11 %) can the evolution of the parent O + O binariesoccur without filling of the Roche lobe by the primary O star, beinggoverned by radial outflow in the form of the stellar wind and possiblyby the LBV phenomenon, as in the case of HD 5980.
| Masses and other parameters of massive binaries
Binary stars provide us with the means to measure stellar mass. Here Ipresent several lists of known O-type stars with reliable mass estimatesthat are members of eclipsing, double-lined spectroscopic binaries. Themasses of young, unevolved stars in binaries are suitable for testingthe predictions of evolutionary codes, and there is good agreementbetween the observed and predicted masses (based upon temperature andluminosity) if the lower temperature scale from line-blanketed modelatmospheres is adopted. A final table lists masses for systems in awide variety of advanced evolutionary stages.
| Spectroscopy of four early-type eclipsing binaries
New spectroscopic data were obtained for the early-type binariesV337 Aql, V649 Cas, V382Cyg, and V431 Pup. Their radial velocitycurves are presented. These are the first such data for V337Aql and V431 Pup. In the case ofV382 Cyg, our data confirm previously obtainedresults. Especially for V649 Cas our radial velocitycurve yields important new implications for the component masses: thedetection of third body lines, which are blended with the lines of theprimary component, solves the problem of the unacceptably small massesformerly deduced for this binary; now we determine masses closer to thevalues expected for spectral type B 0. V431 Pup is animportant object, because it is a new member of the small group ofearly-type eclipsing binaries with an evolved component. A publishedlight curve of V337 Aql is solved by the MORO code, and systemparameters are derived. The period of V649 Cas isfound to be variable, and a more accurate period is calculated forV431 Pup. Based on observations collected at theEuropean Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile, and at theGerman-Spanish Astronomical Center (DSAZ), Calar Alto, operated by theMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie Heidelberg jointly with theSpanish National Commission for Astronomy.
| Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
| Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and New Elements for Several Stars
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| Stars with the Largest Hipparcos Photometric Amplitudes
A list of the 2027 stars that have the largest photometric amplitudes inHipparcos Photometry shows that most variable stars are all Miras. Thepercentage of variable types change as a function of amplitude. Thiscompilation should also be of value to photometrists looking forrelatively unstudied, but large amplitude stars.
| V606 Centauri: an early-type eclipsing contact binary
We present a spectroscopic and photometric analysis of the early-typeeclipsing binary V606 Cen. Based on new high-resolution CCD spectra thefirst radial velocity curve of this system is given, which allows for anaccurate determination of radial velocity amplitudes (K_1=181.8 km s(-1), K_2=345.2 km s(-1) ) and the spectroscopic mass ratio q_spec=0.527.Moreover, equivalent widths are listed. The line strengths of He i 4922show strong variations with the orbital phase, related to the so-called(and hitherto unexplained) ``Struve-Sahade effect". In this context,some aspects concerning the determination of equivalent widths in closebinary systems are discussed, with special reference to the influence ofthe ellipsoidal light variations. For the first time, photoelectric UBVlight curves of V606 Cen are presented, which were solved with the MOROcode, based on the Wilson-Devinney model. The first set of solutions wasachieved with effective temperatures according to the previous spectralclassification B1-2 Ib/IIb, but the derived absolute dimensions, surfacegravities, as well as an investigation of the equivalent widths led to arevision of the spectral type. We now suggest B0-0.5 V for the primary,and B2-3 V for the secondary component, respectively. Using thecorresponding effective temperatures, another light curve analysis wasperformed, yielding the following absolute dimensions: M_1=14.7 M_sun,M_2=8.0 M_sun, R_1=6.8 R_sun, R_2=5.2 R_sun, log L_1/L_sun=4.48, and logL_2/L_sun=3.74. In all cases, a contact configuration is found. Theevolutionary state of V606 Cen is discussed in the light of modernevolutionary grids. It turns out that this contact system was formedduring the slow phase of case A mass transfer after reversal of its massratio. In this respect it is similar to other early-type contactbinaries such as V382 Cyg, V701 Sco or RZ Pyx. Based on observationscollected at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile
| The early type contact binary system V 382 Cygni
New photometric data set of the early type contact binary V 382 Cyg havebeen analyzed with emphasis on determining the photometric mass ratio ofthe system. The result (q=0.68) supports the value given by \cite[Popper& Hill (1991).]{pop91} A study of the system using new data shows aperiod increase of about 3.28 s per century, which corresponds to a verylarge rate ~ 5.0 10(-6) {M_sun/yr} of mass transfer from the lessmassive to the more massive component under the conservative masstransfer hypothesis.
| Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars
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| New times of minima and ephemeris for several OB eclipsing binaries
New times of minimum light were measured for several early-typeeclipsing binaries: V337 Aql, V1182 Aql, V1331 Aql, IU Aur, QZ Car andV382 Cyg. The O-C diagram for these systems is discussed and newephemeris is given for AH Cep; observation of AQ Cir is added. It isshown that the scatter of times of minima is several times larger thanthe measuring errors for most of the binaries studied.
| UBV beta Database for Case-Hamburg Northern and Southern Luminous Stars
A database of photoelectric UBV beta photometry for stars listed in theCase-Hamburg northern and southern Milky Way luminous stars surveys hasbeen compiled from the original research literature. Consisting of over16,000 observations of some 7300 stars from over 500 sources, thisdatabase constitutes the most complete compilation of such photometryavailable for intrinsically luminous stars around the Galactic plane.Over 5000 stars listed in the Case-Hamburg surveys still lackfundamental photometric data.
| The ``Mass Discrepancy'' for Massive Stars: Tests of Models Using Spectroscopic Binaries
Stellar evolutionary models are often used to infer a star's mass viaits luminosity, but empirical checks on the accuracy of the theoreticalmass-luminosity relation for very massive stars have been lacking. Thisis of particular concern given that modern atmosphere models yieldsystematically smaller masses for massive stars than do evolutionarymodels, with the discrepancy being a factor of 2 for Of stars. Weattempt to resolve this mass discrepancy by obtaining new,high-resolution optical data on seven early-type spectroscopic binaries:V453 Cyg, HD 191201, V382 Cyg, Y Cyg, HD 206267, DH Cep, and AH Cep. Ourstudy produces improved spectral subtypes for the components of thesesystems, which are crucial for evaluating their luminosities andlocations in the H-R diagram. Our radial velocity study utilizes ameasuring method that explicitly accounts for the effects of pairblending. We combine our new orbit solutions with existing data oninclinations and distances when available to compare the orbital masseswith evolutionary models, and we find good agreement in all cases wherethe stars are noninteracting. (The components of V382 Cyg and DH Cepfill their Roche lobes, and in both cases we find masses substantiallylower than the masses inferred from evolutionary tracks, suggesting thatsignificant material has been lost rather than transferred. We confirmthat this same trend exists for other systems drawn from theliterature.) Our own data extends to only 15 Mȯ, althoughphotometric inclination determinations for HD 191201 and HD 206267should prove possible and will provide examples of higher mass systems.We briefly discuss suitable systems from the literature and concludethat orbit solutions provide good agreement with the evolutionary modelsto 25 Mȯ. Beyond this, most known binaries either fill their Rochelobes or have other complications. We also discuss five systems forwhich our improved data and analysis failed to yield acceptable orbitsolutions: EO Aur, IU Aur, V640 Mon (Plaskett's star), LY Aur, and 29 UWCMa all remained intractable, despite improved data.
| Re-analysis of scintillation effects from gravitational waves.
In this article, we continue A. Labeyrie's work concerning the detectionof Gravitational Waves through the deformations of optical wavefronts.We give the analytical expressions of the wavefront distortions. Specialattention is paid to the discussion of this approach with respect toother works. The wavefront distortions are expected to cause ascintillation effect for a distant observer. The observability of thiseffect is discussed in the cases of binary stars and millisecondpulsars. It seems unobservable for a single monochromatic source ofgravitational waves.
| Interacting O-star binaries: V382 Cyg, V448 CYG and XZ CEP
New spectroscopic observations of three interacting O+O-star binaries(V382 Cyg, V448 Cyg and XZ Cep), obtained at the Dominion AstrophysicalObservatory, are analysed in conjunction with published photometry, toyield masses, temperatures and radii. We determine masses of 26.0+/-0.7and 1903+/-0.4Msolar for V382 Cyg, 25.2+/-0.7 and 14.0+/-0.7Msolar forV448 Cyg, and 15.8+/-0.4 and 6.4+/-0.3 Msolar for XZ Cep. We find thatV382 Cyg is a contact system, resulting from evolutionary expansion ofthe components during their main-sequence lifetimes (case A masstransfer). V448 Cyg is an evolved binary that has undergone late case Aor early case B mass transfer, with the mass loser now filling its Rochelobe and transferring mass more slowly to the gainer. The distancemodulus for V448 Cyg of 11.4 agrees well with that of its parent clusterNGC 6871, while the cluster age (7Myr) places a tight constraint on theevolutionary status of this system. XZ Cep closely resembles V448 Cyg,although its mass is somewhat lower.
| The Tokyo PMC catalog 90-93: Catalog of positions of 6649 stars observed in 1990 through 1993 with Tokyo photoelectric meridian circle
The sixth annual catalog of the Tokyo Photoelectric Meridian Circle(PMC) is presented for 6649 stars which were observed at least two timesin January 1990 through March 1993. The mean positions of the starsobserved are given in the catalog at the corresponding mean epochs ofobservations of individual stars. The coordinates of the catalog arebased on the FK5 system, and referred to the equinox and equator ofJ2000.0. The mean local deviations of the observed positions from theFK5 catalog positions are constructed for the basic FK5 stars to comparewith those of the Tokyo PMC Catalog 89 and preliminary Hipparcos resultsof H30.
| The calculation of critical rotational periods in three typical close binary systems based on synchronization theory.
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| Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries
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| Measurement and study of rotation in close binary stars (III) Statistical analysis of synchronization.
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| Spectroscopic binary orbits from ultraviolet radial velocities. Paper 18: TU MUSCAE (HD 100213)
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| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Photoelectric Maxima/minima of Selected Variables
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Cygnus |
| Right ascension: | 20h18m47.22s |
| Declination: | +36°20'26.1" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 8.641 |
| Distance: | 10000000 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -5.2 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -10.1 |
| B-T magnitude: | 9.335 |
| V-T magnitude: | 8.699 |
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