The B Supergiant Components of the Double-lined Binary HD 1383
We present new results from a study of high-quality red spectra of themassive binary star system HD 1383 (B0.5 Ib + B0.5 Ib). We determinedradial velocities and revised orbital elements (P=20.28184+/-0.0002days) and made Doppler tomographic reconstructions of the componentspectra. A comparison of these with model spectra from non-LTE,line-blanketed atmospheres indicates that the two stars have almostidentical masses (M2/M1=1.020+/-0.014),temperatures (Teff=28,000+/-1000 K), gravities(logg=3.25+/-0.25), and projected rotational velocities (Vsini<~30 kms-1). We investigate a number of constraints on the radii andmasses of the stars based on the absence of eclipses, surface gravity,stellar wind terminal velocity, and probable location in the Perseusspiral arm of the Galaxy, and these indicate a range in probable radiusand mass of R/Rsolar=14-20 and M/Msolar=16-35,respectively. These values are consistent with model evolutionary massesfor single stars of this temperature and gravity. Both stars are muchsmaller than their respective Roche radii, so the system is probably ina precontact stage of evolution. A fit of the system's spectral energydistribution yields a reddening of E(B-V)=0.55+/-0.05 and a ratio oftotal-to-selective extinction of R=2.97+/-0.15. We find no evidence ofHα emission from colliding stellar winds, which is probably theconsequence of the low gas densities in the colliding winds zone.
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The total-to-selective extinction ratio determined from near IR photometry of OB stars
The paper presents an extensive list of the total to selectiveextinction ratios R calculated from the infrared magnitudes of 597 O andB stars using the extrapolation method. The IR magnitudes of these starswere taken from the literature. The IR colour excesses are determinedwith the aid of "artificial standards" - Wegner (1994). The individualand mean values of total to selective extinction ratios R differ in mostcases from the average value R=3.10 +/-0.05 - Wegner (1993) in differentOB associations. The relation between total to selective extinctionratios R determined in this paper and those calculated using the "methodof variable extinction" and the Cardelli et al. (1989) formulae isdiscussed. The R values presented in this paper can be used to determineindividual absolute magnitudes of reddened OB stars with knowntrigonometric parallaxes.
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New periodic variables from the Hipparcos epoch photometry
Two selection statistics are used to extract new candidate periodicvariables from the epoch photometry of the Hipparcos catalogue. Theprimary selection criterion is a signal-to-noise ratio. The dependenceof this statistic on the number of observations is calibrated usingabout 30000 randomly permuted Hipparcos data sets. A significance levelof 0.1 per cent is used to extract a first batch of candidate variables.The second criterion requires that the optimal frequency be unaffectedif the data are de-trended by low-order polynomials. We find 2675 newcandidate periodic variables, of which the majority (2082) are from theHipparcos`unsolved' variables. Potential problems with theinterpretation of the data (e.g. aliasing) are discussed.
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Galactic B-supergiants: A non-LTE model atmosphere analysis to estimate atmospheric parameters and chemical compositions
A non-LTE model atmosphere analysis of moderate resolution (R ~ 5 000)spectra of 46 Galactic B-type supergiants is presented. Standardtechniques are adopted, viz. plane-parallel geometry and radiative andhydrostatic equilibrium. Spectroscopic atmospheric parameters (T_eff,log g & v_turb) and chemical abundances (He, C, N, O, Mg & Si)are estimated, both as a test of the validity of such an approach and inan attempt to provide consistent results for supergiants covering asignificant range of spectral types. The values of the estimatedatmospheric parameters and their dependence on the physics adopted inthe model atmospheres calculations are discussed. The absolute metalabundances are compared to those of main sequence B-type stars and, ingeneral, their chemical compositions appear to be similar. Theabundances for He, C, N & O are considered in some detail and arediscussed in the context of possible evolutionary histories for thisstellar sample. Specifically, it is found that the supergiant sample canbe subdivided into a number of evolutionarily distinct groups. The lowermass objects are predominantly chemically near-normal i.e. theirphotospheres show little or no evidence for chemical processing, whereasthe higher mass supergiants have CNO ratios which are indicative of CNand possibly NO-cycle burning. An attempt is made to quantify thedifference in nitrogen and carbon abundances between the high and lowmass targets but this is hampered by theoretical uncertainties. Thepossibilities that the most highly processed supergiants may have eitherlarger rotational velocities or have undergone mass transfer within abinary system are discussed.
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UBV beta Database for Case-Hamburg Northern and Southern Luminous Stars
A database of photoelectric UBV beta photometry for stars listed in theCase-Hamburg northern and southern Milky Way luminous stars surveys hasbeen compiled from the original research literature. Consisting of over16,000 observations of some 7300 stars from over 500 sources, thisdatabase constitutes the most complete compilation of such photometryavailable for intrinsically luminous stars around the Galactic plane.Over 5000 stars listed in the Case-Hamburg surveys still lackfundamental photometric data.
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Kinematic signatures of violent formation of galactic OB associations from HIPPARCOS measurements
Proper motions measured by Hipparcos confirm the large anomalousvelocities of the OB associations located around the Cygnus Superbubble(Cygnus OB1, OB3, OB7, and OB9), and reveal a clearly organizedexpanding pattern in Canis Major OB1. At the distances of theseassociations, the organized velocity patterns imply LSR velocities of upto ~ 60 km s(-1) for the associations in Cygnus, and about ~ 15 km s(-1)in Canis Major OB1. The magnitude and spatial arrangement of theexpanding motions suggests that very energetic phenomena are responsiblefor the formation of the present OB associations. This is independentlysupported by observations of the associated interstellar medium carriedout in other wavelengths. The gravitational instability scenarioproposed by Comeron & Torra 1994 (ApJ 423, 652) to account for theformation of the stars in the Cygnus Superbubble region is reviewed inthe light of the new kinematic data. It is found that the energeticrequirements set by the highest velocities on the OB associationpowering the Superbubble, Cygnus OB2, are too large by orders ofmagnitude. However, the scenario can still account for the formation ofmost of the stars if, as can be reasonably expected, the stars with thehighest measured velocities are actually runaways from Cygnus OB2itself. As for Canis Major OB1, we consider their formation in asupernova remnant, as suggested by Herbst & Assousa 1977 (ApJ, 217,473). The detection of a new runaway star, HIC 35707 (=HD 57682), whosemotion is directed away from the derived center of expansion, supportsthis scenario and provides an independent age for the supernova remnant,assuming that the runaway star was the binary companion of thesupernova. Based on a number of arguments, however, we find it unlikelythat the stars are a direct consequence of instabilities in theexpanding shell. We propose instead that their formation was triggeredin preexisting clouds, accelerated and compressed by the supernovaexplosion.
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Metallicities of 4 blue supergiants near the Galactic centre.
High resolution optical spectra of four blue supergiants (HD 148422B0.5Ib; HD 178487 B0.5Ib; HD 179407 B1Ib, HD 163522 B1Ib) which liewithin 4.5kpc of the Galactic centre are presented. Careful differentialLTE model atmosphere analyses are used to quantify the differences inphotospheric metal abundances between these stars and MK spectralstandards in the solar neighborhood. A detailed non-LTE model atmosphereanalysis of one star (HD 163522) confirms that the LTE differentialabundances should be reliable, provided we use a comparison star withsimilar atmospheric parameters. One star (HD 148422; R_g_=4.5kpc) has achemical composition similar to normal nearby B-type stars while HD178487 (R_g_=4.1kpc) shows a mild but consistent pattern of a metalenhanced atmosphere (with elements up by 0.1-0.3dex). The other twostars HD 163522 (R_g_=4.1kpc) and HD 179407 (R_g_=3.5kpc) havesignificantly higher metal compositions than their standard comparisonstars with abundances enhanced by 0.30-0.40dex and 0.20-0.5dexrespectively. All of the stars lie outside the Galactic plane (withdistances in the range 0.5
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Another look at the nature of the infrared emission around the nebula NGC 6888.
Not Available
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Kinematics of the interstellar medium in the CYG I region.
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Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
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An atlas of the infrared spectral region. I. The early type stars (O-G0).
The Atlas illustrates the behavior of early type stars (O, B, A and Ftype) in the near infrared 8375-8770A region at a resolution of aboutone A. Intensity tracings of 76 stars are presented. Of these 51 starscover the spectral range O to G0 and luminosity classes V, III, Ib andIa. The influence of the rotational velocity is also illustrated as wellas the spectra of 19 stars with spectral peculiarities. The completeAtlas is also available under catalog number 3183 from the CDSStrasbourg and other data centers.
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Intrinsic colour indices of O- and B- type stars in the Vilnius photometric system.
Not Available
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Galactic B-supergiants. II - Line strengths in the visible: Evidence for evolutionary effects?
Following the discovery by Lennon et al. (1992) of anomalously weakcarbon lines in the Galactic B-supergiants, a search was conducted forthe signatures of CNO processed material in the atmospheres of thesestars. It was found that the NII line strengths around spectral type B2correlate with luminosity, but exhibit a clear anticorrelation with theCII lines. It is suggested that this trend may be evidence for CNOprocessed material contaminating the atmospheres of the most luminousstars. The CNO processing signature was found to be most pronounced inthe more luminous supergiants, in qualitative agreement with stellarevolution calculations (provided that such stars have passed through aprevious red-supergiant phase of evolution).
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Galactic B-supergiants. I - an atlas of O9-B9 supergiant spectra from 3950 A to 4950 A
CCD spectra are presented for supergiants of spectral types O9-B9 andluminosity subclasses Ia and Ib. They cover the wavelength region fromapproximately 3950 A to 4950 A at a resolution of 0.8 A, and normallyhave a signal-to-noise in excess of 150 at 4600 A. The spectra arediscussed in respect to their classification. A number of stars showclear evidence of the 'filling in' of hydrogen lines by emission fromthe stellar wind, while HD 190603, a B1.5 Ia(+) hypergiant, exhibits anH-beta P-Cygni type line-profile. Also reported is the finding of a newnitrogen weak star, HD 13866, in the Per OB1 association which isclassified here as BC2 Ib.
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Groups of stars with common motion in the Galaxy. Groups of O and B stars
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Groups of stars with common motion in the Galaxy - Groups of B stars of luminosity classes I and II and their comparison with groups of long-period Cepheids and open clusters
In a sample of 93 stars of luminosity classes I and II, ten groups withcommon motion in space are isolated. The reality of five groups isestablished by numerical experiment. A comparison is made with groups oflong-period Cepheids and open clusters. Regularities in the distributionof groups of different objects in space are found. The reality of therotation of a star aggregate consisting of three Cepheid groups isestablished.
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Empirical temperature calibrations for early-type stars
Three temperature calibrations of suitable photometric quantities havebeen derived for O and B stars. A sample of 120 stars with reliableT(eff.) determinations has been used for establishing each calibration.The different calibrations have been critically discussed and compared.Temperature determinations for 1009 program stars have been obtainedwith an accuracy of the order of 10 percent.
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Mass loss from stars : the universal formula for mass loss rate
Not Available
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Faint background X-ray sources in the vicinity of the ring nebula NGC 6888
An analysis of the soft (0.1-4 keV) X-ray emission from the 1 x 1 degfield centered on the star HD 192163 in the nebula NGC 6888 revealed(besides the nebula) three faint unresolved sources. Two of them areassociated with the nearby G stars HD 192020 and HD 192182 with X-rayfluxes of (3-4) x 10 to the -13th and 1 x 10 to the 13th erg/sq cm s,respectively. A temperature of 0.17-0.35 keV is found for HD 192182.
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H-alpha as a tracer of mass loss from OB stars
This paper investigates the use of the H-alpha emission from stellarwinds of OB stars to determine the stellar mass-loss rate. The power inH-alpha emitted by the wind can be parameterized in terms of thetemperature and the density field of the wind. A simple expression isderived which relates the observed H-alpha luminosity to the stellarmass-loss rate, the stellar radius, the velocity law, and the stellareffective temperature. This expression is calibrated for the influenceof the velocity law using a sample of Galactic OB stars with UVmass-loss rates. Consequently, the results depend on the validity of theUV rates. The derived velocity law for O stars turns out to be inagreement with the radiation-pressure-driven wind theory. There isevidence for a dependence of the velocity-law gradient on spectral type.The results for B stars, however, are more uncertain due to thedependence on the adopted mass accretion rate/L relation. Application ofthe calibrated H-alpha luminosity/mass-loss rate relation to a sample of149 galactic OB stars shows that mass accretion rate can be reliablydetermined from H-alpha. Due to the moderate amount of observing timerequired to derive mass accretion rate from H-alpha, this method may beapplied successfully to investigate mass-loss effects in extra-Galacticstars.
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Mass loss rates in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
Mass loss rates have been collected for 271 stars of spectral type Othrough M, primarily of population I. Good agreement is found forresults obtained according to six different methods, and it is shownthat the mass loss rate data can be well represented by one empiricalinterpolation formula as a function of the effective temperature andluminosity. The chemically evolved stars are shown to have mass lossrates which are larger than those of normal stars occupying the samepositions in the Hertzprung-Russell diagram by factors of 160 forWolf-Rayet stars and 11 for C-type stars.
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Properties of blue stragglers in young OB associations
The properties of the blue stragglers (BS) belonging to the associationsSco OB1, Cyg OB1, Car OB1, Cen OB1, and Per OB1 as well as of the earlyO stars belonging to Cas OB6 are studied on the basis of an extensivesurvey of the literature. Eleven of the thirteen BS for which therelevant information exists show an enhanced atmospheric abundance of N,which is interpreted as supporting the view (Maeder, 1987) that BS areprobably quasi-homogeneously evolved stars where the products of the CNOcycle have become observable at the surface. The mechanism inducing theturbulent diffusion responsible for the homogeneization of the stellarinterior does not clearly appear from the existing data. Tidal forces inclose binaries may play a role in some cases, but except in the case ofPer OB1 there is no convincing evidence that single BS have abnormallylarge rotational velocities. Finally the scenario of quasi-homogeneousevolution of the BS is not in contradiction with the observed propertiesof their likely descendents, the Wolf-Rayet stars, which are present inthe associations under consideration. The results presented in thispaper point toward the need for more observational data.
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Interstellar extinction curve - The profile of very broad structure
The interstellar extinction curve between 3500 and 10,500 A isdetermined from a series of two-color plots based on existing spectralscans. Very Broad Structure (VBS) covers the wavelength range from 5000to 8000 A and consists of three components centered at 5300, 5900 and6800 A. The VBS is shown to originate in the same agent as that ofcontinuous extinction.
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Catalog of O-B stars observed with Tokyo Meridian Circle
A catalog of the O-B stars, selected from 'Blaauw-Parenago' list andRubin's catalog, has been compiled on the FK4 system by the observationsmade with Gautier 8-inch Meridian Circle at the Tokyo AstronomicalObservatory during the period, 1971 to 1979. It contains 1059 stars andwas compiled for the future establishment of high precision propermotions of O-B stars.
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Mass loss rates for northern OB-stars
A mass loss survey of 44 O- and early B-type stars in northern OBassociations is presented. For 22 stars mass loss rates were derivedfrom H-alpha equivalent widths using the method of Klein and Castor(1978). For 15 stars upper limits of the mass loss rates were estimated.For the remaining 7 stars H-alpha and H-beta equivalent width values aregiven but no quantitative evaluation of M-dot was possible. The resultsare compared with present ideas concerning the relation between massloss and other basic stellar parameters.
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Distribution of OB stars and absorbing matter in the region around P CYG
The results of spectrophotometric observations of 277 OB stars in a 7 x7-deg region around P Cyg, obtained in 8-sec, 45-sec, and 8-minexposures on ORWO ZU-21 plates with a 4-deg 272-A/mm-dispersionobjective prism on the 40-in. Schmidt telescope at BiurakanAstrophysical Observatory on October 14-19, 1979, are presented intables and graphs and characterized. Data reported include 400-480-nmabsolute spectrophotometric gradients, color excesses, and distances. Itis found that concentrations of OB stars with associated absorbingmatter exist toward the associations Cyg OB9 (two concentrations at 800and 1800 pc), Cyg OB3 (three concentrations at 1.4, 2.5, and 3.7 kpc),OB1 (at 1.6 kpc), Cyg OB8 (at 1.5 kpc), and over the entire observedregion at a distance of about 500 pc.
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New UBVRI photometry for 900 supergiants
A description is presented of the results obtained in connection with asystematic program of supergiant photometry on the Johnson UBVRI system.During the eight years after the start of the program, almost 1000 starshave been observed, about 400 three or more times each. The originalselection of stars used the spectral type catalog of Jaschek et al.(1964) to choose supergiants. Since observations were possible from bothChile and Canada, no declination limits were imposed, and no particularselection criteria were imposed other than to eliminate carbon stars.These are so red as to require enormous extrapolations of thetransformation equations.
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Equivalent widths of spectral lines in B stars
Previously published equivalent widths of 26 strong spectral linesmeasured at various reciprocal dispersions, ranging from 1 to 75 A/mm,in 172 B stars and 14 A stars are collected and analyzed. The linesconsidered include H-alpha and H-beta; six of He I and one of He II; oneof C III; two of N II and one of N III; two of O II; one of Mg II; twoeach of Si II, Si III, and Si IV; one of Ca II; and three of Fe II. Acomparison of the measurements made at the different reciprocaldispersions reveals that the equivalent width of a given line increasessystematically with decreasing reciprocal dispersion. Only measurementsmade at a reciprocal dispersion of not more than 40 A/mm are used toplot average curves showing equivalent width as a function of spectraltype and luminosity class for all 26 lines. In all but two cases (He Iat 4121 A and Ca II at 4267 A), the behavior of the lines as a functionof temperature and gravity is found to be in accordance withmodel-atmosphere theory.
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List of 333 variable, microvariable or suspected variable stars detected in the Geneva photometry
A list is presented of 333 stars, excluded from the GCVS and itssupplements, whose probability of variability ranges from high tocertain. The standard deviations observed in the V magnitude togetherwith the known spectral types, however, only allow speculation as to thetype of variable in question pending supplementary observations whichreveal the individual characteristics of these stars.
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A catalogue of stellar spectrophotometric data
A list of 378 sets of stellar energy distributions for 356 stars basedon photoelectric spectrophotometry is presented. Data from eight sourceshave been transformed to the Hayes-Latham calibration of Alpha Lyrae.The procedure follows that of Breger (1976) and the present list extendsprevious data, especially for stars of earliest and intermediatespectral types.
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